Wednesday, February 29, 2012

A loveUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE Testing Should go Modern ...

If you?ve gotten or really are experiencing warning signs of A loveUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE, otherwise named loveually transported diseases, you ought not just pay no attention to it. STDs are certainly serious health conditions, which, any time left neglected, can be one of several causes about grave sicknesses which frequently are deadly! The troubles that STDs leads to vary wildly, from infertility, paralysis, subconscious illness, perhaps even death! There are not all kinds about STDs that may be effectively treated, and these are definitely mostly one which are microbe in the outdoors. You?ve damaged or lost complete touch together with the times.

Being the article highlights, ?regular los angeles std testing for HIV as well loveually transported diseases (STDs) remains the very best and ultimate way to avoid the spread in this (North Carolina) express. Seeing as the way they top the directory possible contractors of your disease, educating on your own and learning all that one could to avoid infection is often a must. You can?t trust self-testing packages online or over-the-counter because these may result in a mistaken reading and / or false result that could cause you to believe you happen to be not contaminated.

Not starting safe loveual activity habits. That?s, not working with latex condoms for the period of intercourse. Sometimes attending the medical doctor will nyc std clinic more good success than the things you were reasoning. Even immediately after gaining a damaging test result around the STD examining, the only way for you to protect the other person from acquiring a std is to rehearse safe love with the use of protective barriers for instance condoms.

Sensitive best-selling writer Gerald Pollard responded, ?All examining includes complimentary pre & publish test talk therapy which insures the appropriate form about testing for use on your case.? These check-up facilities have to have the study of a circulation sample, urine small sample or tissues sample within the patient, a good deal as typical testing choices do. Private and additionally confidential examining is their goal and stay counsellors by using years about experience in assisting people inside your same circumstance will determine when you?re at possibility. A equal day A loveUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE testing houston std testing just enjoy other A loveUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE tests. HIV, person?s immunodeficiency anti-virus, has turn into a very large health threat during the last few ages. There really are tests for the majority of kinds about STDs. There really are centers everywhere that accomplish std examining so locating one should not be difficult. Getting testing for any std is an excellent and necessary course of action especially if you suffer from a unique partner and / or multiple lovers. Based on the American Sociable Health Organization, almost part of all incidents occur in between people between your ages about 13 and additionally 24. Whether examining the sore or perhaps a some blood analyze, results designed for herpes examining are greatly accurate. But, it is usually rare designed for men to have annual checkup of all kinds. They don?t generally employ a routine screening process done per annum, so it is vital for it to periodically feel the effort about completing just one. On the subject of online the business sector, most people can?t are employed to the concept of purchasing many diapers for you to groceries to chunks of money products off the Internet, and using search serp oriented promotion, it?s easier in the past for consumers to discover the products they have in the jiffy.

This entry was posted on Tuesday, February 28th, 2012 at 10:50 am and is filed under Freelance. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.

Source: http://www.look4freelancer.net/freelance/a-loveually-transmitted-disease-testing-should-go-modern-as-well-as-mainstream.html

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Summary Box: German consumer confidence edging up (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - CONFIDENCE UP: The GfK research institute said Tuesday its forward-looking German consumer confidence indicator was up to 6 points for March from 5.9 in February — its highest point since last March.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/europe/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120228/ap_on_bi_ge/eu_germany_economy_summary_box

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Know Your Breast Cancer Facts | Articles For America

Breast cancer is considered 1 of one of the most common cancers in girls. At the least one in every single eight females in the United States develops breast cancer. Although causes of breast cancer has not been identified, breast cancer details recognized are an individual?s age, diet, individual wellness history, or genetic elements could result in a person becoming a breast cancer sufferer.

Delaying with getting a child, having your initial child following 35 years or never ever having kids continues to be seen as 1 of danger aspects. Self diagnosis, mammograms as well as biopsies are means of checking out breast cancer. The threat of developing breast cancer seems to improve as the woman ages that?s why ladies are encouraged to go for standard mammograms right after the age of 35 years.

The truth is the fact that breast cancer are able to get any person. As a lot as the occurrence is higher than the age of 35 years, the younger women can and do get it even at the tender age of 20 years. As a lot as white ladies are a lot more likely to get breast cancer than some other ethnic group, the truth is African American women are a lot more likely to succumb to it than the white females.

Males are also victims but about One in every single A hundred circumstances occurs in them.

Protection of breast cancer just isn?t clear as no one is aware the causes, however some actions that can be applied to reduce the threat contain restricting alcohol intake, doing exercises often, sustaining a wholesome diet and wholesome weight but for the women, breastfeeding their young ones.

One more breast cancer truth is as soon as one is diagnosed with it, chances of survival are fairly good, specifically when the cancer is detected early. Approximately 90 percent of the diagnosed situations have got a 5 year survival rate, about 90 of 100 girls may survive for at least the next five years. That?s exactly why early detection is surely an critical step to obtain the cancer in its early stages.

Remedy depends upon the stage. The cancer has evolved to and the type of breast cancer one has. A health care provider will develop a therapy strategy as soon as he/she has identified breast cancer so as to eliminate or decrease the probabilities of cancer coming back and migrating to other parts outside the breast region.

Fact is, not all diagnoses wind up in surgery, therapy gets into stages and surgery is carried out if the cells have spread out further in the breast as well as the physician deems it needed so as to curb the spread. Breast cancer treatments are either nearby or systemic. Nearby involves removing or controlling the cancer cells in a certain location and radiation and surgery fall in this remedy category.

Systemic therapy for instance chemotherapy, hormone therapy and biologic therapies are used to destroy all of the cancer cells all more than the entire body. Following local breast cancer remedy, the doctor might decide to provide you with added medication or prescribe chemotherapy to guarantee that the cancer recurrence is kept to a minimal but this selection will be made once he consults with the surgeon as well as the oncologist.

Learn more on this subject by clicking Breast Cancer Facts and you might also like Breast Cancer Treatment.

Tags:?Breast Cancer Causes, Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Breast Cancer Facts, Breast Cancer Symptoms, Breast Cancer Treatment, Breast cancer tumor markers, Family, Male Breast Cancer, Metastatic Breast Cancer, Types of Breast Cancer, Warning Signs Of Breast Cancer

Source: http://www.articlesforamerica.com/know-your-breast-cancer-facts.html

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Small Business Branding | Inbound Demand Sales Generation

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://virtualblackswanmarketing.com/?p=9063

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Senators clash over idea of more Pentagon cuts (AP)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]AP - Leading senators on the Budget Committee clashed Tuesday over whether the Pentagon could bear even deeper budget cuts, with defense officials warning that additional reductions would hit jobs across the 50 states and affect national security.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/uscongress/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20120228/ap_on_go_co/us_us_defense_spending

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Tuesday, February 28, 2012

Worlds Largest Social Fitness Network Announces 2012 ...


Boise, ID (PRWEB) February 10, 2012

BodySpace, the worlds largest social fitness network powered by Bodybuilding.com, and Iron Man Magazine, one of the longest-running bodybuilding publications, have officially announced Craig Capurso and Laura Bailey as the 2012 BodySpace Spokesmodel Search Winners.

From New York, New York, Craig Capurso is a commodities trader in the energy markets on Wall Street. With his passion for working out, Craig has earned the name Meat on the trading floor. Craig has a strong background in athletics from his high school, college and semi-pro career on the football field. He is a USA Boxing Commission Amateur Boxer (Nicknamed The Hot Commodity) and a professional physique competitor with the IFBB. Its Craigs natural leadership and dedication to helping others that truly made him stand apart from the rest. He has personally raised over 10K in the last two years via performance-based fundraising for the annual Wall Street Decathlon (proceeds support the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centers research initiatives).

For more information on Craig Capurso, please visit his BodySpace at http://bodyspace.bodybuilding.com/craigcapurso/.

Laura Bailey, residing in Bakersfield, California is a college psychology, sociology, and philosophy instructor who also works as a mental health clinician. She has a strong desire to help those dealing with eating disorders, body image issues, and other psychological disorders. Laura first developed her love for health and fitness in college where she ran cross country and track and field. She started competing in figure competitions in 2004 and has since participated in over 34 competitions both nationally and internationally (winning 12 of her 34 shows). Lauras infectious personality and positive mix of faith and fitness makes her an amazing leader for the BodySpace community.

For more information on Laura Bailey, please visit her BodySpace at http://bodyspace.bodybuilding.com/jumper11/.

The annual BodySpace Spokesmodel Competition is a much-anticipated event deciding who will become the official representative for the community. Over 400 men and women registered online for this amazing opportunity, and with the help of online votes from Bodybuilding.com visitors the top 40 semifinalists (comprised of men and women) were decided upon. From there, the final top ten were chosen by Bodybuilding.com Staff and Iron Man Magazine Studios and flown to Los Angeles to participate in a series of Spokesmodel events, including a professional photo shoot with acclaimed Iron Man photographer Mike Neveux and a workout video shoot filmed by the Bodybuilding.com Video Team.

On Saturday, January 28th, in their final event, the BodySpace Spokesmodel finalists took the Los Angeles Fitness Expo stage to compete for the coveted title. They performed an individual model walk, battled it out in an overall comparison round and answered interview questions provided by hosts Mike OHearn (Titan from American Gladiators) and Bodybuilding.com Spokesmodel Jamie Eason. The finalists were judged on their entire week?s performance based on the following factors: personality, physique, presentation and having a marketable look. It was a difficult decision for the judges (comprised of Savannah Neveux from Iron Man Magazine, 2011 BodySpace Spokesmodel Steve Cook, Bodybuilding.com VP of Digital Publishing John Hardesty and Bodybuilding.com Video Editor Jaki Covington), but after much deliberation, Craig Capurso and Laura Bailey claimed the title.

The BodySpace Spokesmodel winners receive a year-long contract with Bodybuilding.com, an Ironman Magazine cover and editorial feature, and most importantly, the absolute admiration of over one million BodySpace members.

For more information on the 2012 BodySpace Spokesmodel Competition, please visit http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/2012-bodyspace-spokesmodel-search-winners.html

Bodybuilding.com offers more than 13,000 health and fitness supplements and accessories to help more than 11 million people every month achieve their health, fitness and appearance goals. The website contains more than 35,000 pages of FREE information, including more than 20,000 articles and videos, expert online trainers and new content added daily.

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Related Photo Shoot Press Releases


Source: http://www.christibiddy.com/2012/02/worlds-largest-social-fitness-network-announces-2012-spokesmodel-winners-craig-capurso-and-laura-bailey/

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Broadcom releases new Ice Cream Sandwich-optimized chipsets at MWC

Broadcom's taken the chance to bust out some killer new internals for Android phones here at MWC. The new range of SoCs are optimized for Ice Cream Sandwich, based on single or dual-core 40-nanometer ARM Cortex A9s. The BCM21654G has a 1GHz CPU, integrated HSPA modem and VGA video support, it's likely we'll see this popping up in budget phones. The romantically named BCM28145 and BCM28155 are dual-core chips with HSPA+ modems and can handle 720p and 1080p video respectively. All dual-core chips will come with a "videocore," a third low-power chip to handle video playback without occupying the main CPU and draining power as well as an Image Signal Processor chip that can support cameras up to 42-megapixels (glances across to the Nokia 808). Other options you'll find appearing in the cellphones of tomorrow include hybrid GPS / Glonass units, low-power NFC and active dual-SIM capability. If you're a garage-based cellphone manufacturer and want to grab some of these for your own business, head on past the break for some PR.

Continue reading Broadcom releases new Ice Cream Sandwich-optimized chipsets at MWC

Broadcom releases new Ice Cream Sandwich-optimized chipsets at MWC originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 27 Feb 2012 05:33:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink   |   | Email this | Comments

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/02/27/broadcom-ics-chipsets-mwc/

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Monday, February 27, 2012

Syria approves new constitution amid bloodshed (Reuters)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Reuters - Syrian artillery pounded rebel-held areas of Homs as President Bashar al-Assad's government announced that voters had overwhelmingly approved a new constitution in a referendum derided as a sham by his critics at home and abroad.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/world/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120227/wl_nm/us_syria

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Personal Finance: Beware tactical funds | Payday Loans UK - Instant ...

Are we carrying a formidable time committing?

I?m articulate about creation adult your mind either to select binds or bonds, or a certain accumulation of one of them. After a conflict scars of a final few years, it?s not startling people would be second-guessing their choices.

And after a 7 percent boost in a batch marketplace as of mid-February, a fear of plopping new income into binds usually in time to remove in them again competence be dreadful.

That?s because investors are drawn to a comparatively new form of account called ?tactical allocation funds.? With these, we give a account manager a option to pierce around quickly, maybe shopping large-company binds one day when he sees event though offered them shortly afterward if he spots a hazard or a improved opportunity.

Not all tactical supports have choices that broad, though some do. The pivotal with all tactical supports is that we give your account manager a leisure to confirm during any impulse that he wants to buy a lot of something and nothing of something else. You do not tie his or her hands a proceed we do in many mutual supports by revelation a manager precisely what form of investment to buy.

A opposite approach. The coherence to bound around markets and to buy and sell fast is ostensible to offer we well. It?s ostensible to save we when a marketplace is about to tank, or place we during a front of event when some investment is about to soar. What could be better?

The difficulty is that such an proceed promises some-more than it delivers.

Morningstar Inc. researcher Michael Herbst recently reviewed tactical supports and found what studies of investing pros have shown repeatedly: Market timing, or perplexing to pinpoint a time when it?s value shopping one form of investment while offered another, is difficult. It sounds good, though few can lift it out good continually.

Some examples. Herbst remarkable that a AllianceBernstein Retirement Strategies target-date supports changed a poignant volume of income out of binds and gratified investors by avoiding oppressive waste during a third entertain of 2011. But after removing that pierce right, he said, a account did not pierce behind into binds shortly adequate to constraint a swell that gay investors in other supports during a fourth quarter.

Ivy Asset Strategy was an investor?s dream come loyal during a oppressive 38 percent downturn in a batch marketplace in 2008. And it was nimble adequate to position for a arise in binds in 2009. But afterwards it got roughed adult by a peep pile-up in May 2010 and was not positioned good for a problems in batch investing in 2011, Herbst said.

The UBS Dynamic Alpha account is ostensible to be geared toward assisting investors overtake inflation. But, pronounced Herbst, a account ?has depressed distant brief of a goal.?

In a investigate of tactical supports between Oct 2007 and Dec 2011, Morningstar arch investment officer Jeff Ptak found that notwithstanding all a maneuvering and esoteric, unsure approaches to investing, many did not do as good as a Vanguard Balanced Index fund. That is a elementary account that uses no imagination tactics: It binds about 60 percent of investors? income in binds and 40 percent in binds by good times and bad, though perplexing to theory when it is best to buy or sell.

Some disadvantages. Tactical supports tend to be some-more flighty than others and also have difficulty resilient when a marketplace is climbing after a downturn, Herbst said. Yet he has identified a few standouts. Among them, he said, are Pimco All Asset, Pimco All Asset All Authority, and Pimco Global Multi-Asset.

Even if supports seem to have good lane annals over several years, Herbst warns opposite shopping them if we do not know how a manager is going to make income and equivocate losses. Some strategies are complex, involving derivatives, leverage, or borrowed income that can lead to good gains and though also bomb losses.

Since investors can't count on a supports to be diversified, he suggests regulating them for usually a tiny apportionment of your portfolio while gripping a far-reaching operation of binds and binds on an ongoing basis.


Gail MarksJarvis is a personal-finance columnist for a Chicago Tribune. E-mail her during gmarksjarvis@tribune.com.

Source: http://paydayloans-uk.org/personal-finance-beware-tactical-funds/

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Sunday, February 26, 2012

Contraceptives Work Well in Obese Women, But Hormone Levels Lower (HealthDay)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]HealthDay - THURSDAY, Feb. 23 (HealthDay News) -- Hormonal contraceptives
appear to thwart pregnancy just as well in overweight and obese women as
those of normal weight despite markedly lower pregnancy-prevention hormone
levels among heavier females, a group of reproductive experts said.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/weightloss/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20120225/hl_hsn/contraceptivesworkwellinobesewomenbuthormonelevelslower

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In Tougher Economy, Fewer Americans Get Colonoscopy (HealthDay)

[unable to retrieve full-text content]HealthDay - FRIDAY, Feb. 24 (HealthDay News) -- Fewer people opted for
potentially lifesaving colonoscopies to screen for colon cancer during the
recent economic recession, largely because they couldn't afford to pay
high out-of-pocket costs often associated with this test, new research
finds.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/cancer/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20120225/hl_hsn/intoughereconomyfeweramericansgetcolonoscopy

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Saturday, February 25, 2012

Energy Supplements For Fitness And Weight Loss | Life Fit Store

In an ideal world, you would find it absolutely painless and easy to shed a few pounds and regain your former health and fitness level. Yet in reality, the desire to lose weight often conflicts with the desire to reclaim your level of fitness from years ago. The reason is that often when losing weight, you take diet pills that drain you of energy or you otherwise consume a low calorie diet which restricts your caloric intake, too. Even diet efforts as basic as switching to more fruits and veggies and less carbs can create an energy drain. This energy drain leaves you feeling zapped of energy needed to workout and burn some calories through physical activity.

So do you need energy supplements for weight loss and exercise? One option to consider is to use HCG Energy, a weight loss supplement that combines the benefits of HCG with a natural energy booster, too. This is a great addition to your healthy eating measures, and it provides you with the ability to have energy to workout and burn more calories through those efforts, too.

Of course, then you have to figure out just how you will get your exercise. Now that you know you have a proven way to lose weight and still enjoy feeling energetic and vibrant, you may be looking for some great home workouts lose weight. There are many different DVDs you can use to burn calories and tone up. You can also find some great exercises in magazines, too. Altogether, you will find that you do lose weight with the combination of a weight loss supplement, healthy eating habits, and plenty of exercise, too.? With these solid efforts on your part, you will find that losing weight and acheiving your ideal body weight is not nearly as difficult as it seemed to be at first.

Source: http://www.lifefitstore.com/energy-supplements-for-fitness-and-weight-loss/

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Friday, February 24, 2012

Search Engine Optimization: Get A Lot More Traffic To Your Website ...

The main difference between internet entrepreneurs and small business owners who succeed online and those that do not is having the correct information, awareness of powerful web business-building resources and most importantly taking action on this knowledge.


Search engine optimization might seem confusing but if you will be trying to operate a business on the internet, it really is crucial you understand this critical device. Your site will be optimized to increase your traffic and search rankings using the proper knowledge and tools.

SEO can be a long procedure, so be sure that you are individual. When working with SEO, a lot of people like to see the way the improvements they make will affect their site quickly. You need to remember that building a presence internet needs dedication and time. Even when elements don?t seem being happening fast enough, it?s important you stay on track. Your patience will be rewarded later on whenever you see your website internet search engine rankings strengthen.

By placing the ideal keywords to the content material on your own blog or web site, it is possible to increase the traffic that a site gets from online search engines. Input keywords to the site content of your page within a balanced manner. Usually, you should aim to make use of the keyword two times inside the first paragraph. Incorporate the keyword yet again in the following 200 words, simply being certain which you maintain a smooth flow for the reader. The keywords need to not stand out. Increasing your PageRank depends upon increasing the volume of site traffic you have, in addition to attempting to keep visitors on your site for an extended time period. New evidence suggests the length of time a visitor spends on a site influences the web sites rankings. These will have an effect on the ranking of your page. Discussion mediums such as forums are a good method to interest visitors in spending time on your site.

These sites that are set up the best way feasible for internet search engine optimization don?t use image links. Pictures only contain the image?s URL, which crawlers aren?t as adept at handling. You need to make sure that each META description tag is different for every page. Do not use the same META tag on various pages mainly because it will cheaper your search engine ranking. One of the most critical internet search engine optimization ways to remember is that you need to always have track of your search standings. You must know how well things are working available for you when you are using Search engine optimization. If not, you won?t know when you must change whatever. Use Alexa or your Google toolbar to see how your page is ranking.

SEO is essential for all those who want to make their living over the web. By abiding from the help and advice in this write-up, you can maximize your website. A significantly better web page will get much more traffic and create a lot more funds to suit your needs.

To Know more about small business marketing, visit V.Wesley?s small business SEO blog

Source: http://homebusinessit.com/howtostartonline/2012/02/23/search-engine-optimization-get-a-lot-more-traffic-to-your-website/

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Princess Cruise Line Ltd Travel, Tourism, Leisure & Hospitality ...

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Princess Cruise Line Ltd Travel, Tourism, Leisure & Hospitality SWOT Report Princess Cruise Line Ltd Travel, Tourism, Leisure & Hospitality SWOT ReportSummaryPrincess Cruise Line Ltd Travel, Tour.

Source: http://evernano.com/princess-cruise-line-ltd-travel-tourism-leisure-hospitality-swot-report/

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Thursday, February 23, 2012

PENDING FLORIDA LEGISLATION : Palm Beach County Tea Party


Posted by Ed Wolff on February 22, 2012 ? Leave a Comment?

Bills of Possible Tea Party Interest That Have Been Taken Up by a Committee
Updated ? February 14, 2012

SENATE

CS/SB 98: Education
GENERAL BILL by Judiciary; Siplin; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Evers; Storms; Negron
Education; Authorizing a district school board to adopt a policy that allows an inspirational message to be delivered by students at a student assembly; providing policy requirements; providing purpose, etc.
Last Action: 02/13/2012 Now in Judiciary Committee -HJ 582
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

CS/SJR 314: Ad Valorem Taxation
JOINT RESOLUTION by Judiciary; Simmons
Ad Valorem Taxation; Proposing amendments to the State Constitution to allow the Legislature by general law to prohibit increases in the assessed value of homestead and specified nonhomestead property if the just value of the property decreases, reduce the limitation on annual assessment increases applicable to nonhomestead real property, provide an additional homestead exemption for owners of homestead property, authorize the Legislature to adjust the amount of the exemption, provide that the additional exemption is to be reduced by the difference between the just value and the assessed value, delay a future repeal of provisions limiting annual assessment increases for specified nonhomestead real property, and provide effective dates, etc.
Senate Committee References: Community Affairs (CA) , Judiciary (JU) , Budget Subcommittee on Finance and Tax (BFT) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 01/20/2012 On Committee agenda? Budget Subcommittee on Finance and Tax, 01/25/12, 8:30 am, 301 Senate Office Building ?Discussed/Workshop

CS/SB 396: Intergovernmental Cooperation
GENERAL BILL by Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities; Oelrich; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Gaetz; Lynn
Intergovernmental Cooperation; Authorizing certain parties to an interlocal agreement to conduct public meetings and workshops by means of communications media technology; providing notice requirements; providing a definition, etc.
Senate Committee References: Community Affairs (CA) , Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities (CU)
Last Action: 01/18/2012 Placed on Calendar, on 2nd reading -SJ 136
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

SB 552: Ethics
GENERAL BILL by Dockery; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Smith; Bennett; Jones; Rich; Joyner; Lynn; Detert; Storms; Sobel; Bullard; Evers; Latvala
Ethics; Defining the term ?special private gain or loss?; prohibiting a member of the Legislature from voting upon or participating in any legislation inuring to the personal gain or loss of the member or his or her relative; prohibiting a member of the Legislature from participating in any legislation inuring to the personal gain or loss of a business associate, employer, board on which the member sits, principal by whom the member is retained, or parent corporation or subsidiary of such principal; requiring that members of the Legislature vote on the General Appropriations Act and disclose conflicts of interest with any line-item appropriation, etc.
Senate Committee References: Governmental Oversight and Accountability (GO) , Judiciary (JU) , Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections (EE) , Rules (RC) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 01/27/2012 Now in Judiciary -SJ 279
Effective Date: October 1, 2012

SB 648: Florida Climate Protection Act
GENERAL BILL by Hays; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Evers; Fasano; Flores; Benacquisto; Lynn
Florida Climate Protection Act; Repealing provisions relating to a cap-and-trade regulatory program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from electric utilities, etc.
Senate Committee References: Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities (CU) , Environmental Preservation and Conservation (EP) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/14/2012 Favorable by Environmental Preservation and Conservation; YEAS 5 NAYS 2
Effective Date: July 1, 2012
?
SM 672: Congressional Term Limits
MEMORIAL by Negron; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Evers; Storms
Congressional Term Limits; Urging Congress to propose to the states an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that would limit the consecutive terms of office which a member of the United States Senate or the United States House of Representatives may serve.
Senate Committee References: Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections (EE) , Rules (RC)
Last Action: 02/09/2012 On Committee agenda? Rules, 02/14/12, 11:15 am, 110 Senate Office Building

CS/SJR 1070: Term Limits/County Commissioners
JOINT RESOLUTION by Community Affairs; Ring
Term Limits/County Commissioners; Proposing an amendment to the State Constitution to authorize the imposition of term limits on county commissioners when provided by county charter, etc.
Senate Committee References: Community Affairs (CA) , Judiciary (JU)
Last Action: 02/01/2012 Now in Judiciary -SJ 301

SB 1128: Eligibility for Temporary Cash Assistance and Food Assistance
GENERAL BILL by Oelrich
Eligibility for Temporary Cash Assistance and Food Assistance; Prohibiting an individual convicted of a felony offense from receiving temporary cash assistance or food assistance under certain conditions; providing conditions under which a person with a felony conviction may resume receiving such assistance; providing for designation of an alternative payee under certain circumstances, etc.
Senate Committee References: Children, Families, and Elder Affairs (CF) , Criminal Justice (CJ) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/01/2012 Now in Criminal Justice -SJ 314
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

CS/SM 1142: Federal Balanced Budget Amendment
MEMORIAL by Judiciary; Hays
Federal Balanced Budget Amendment; Urging Congress to propose to the states an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that requires the federal budget to be balanced each year.
Senate Committee References: Judiciary (JU) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 01/23/2012 Now in Budget -SJ 252

CS/SB 1158: Development of Oil and Gas Resources
GENERAL BILL by Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities; Evers
Development of Oil and Gas Resources; Authorizing a land management agency to enter into a public-private partnership with a business entity to develop oil and gas resources upon onshore state lands if the development yields near-term revenues for the state; providing that the financial, technical, and operational risk for the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas resources is the responsibility of the private business entity; requiring that a business entity seeking a public-private partnership contract submit a business proposal to the agency for review; providing criteria for the public-private partnership contract; requiring a proposed public-private partnership contract to be approved by the Governor and Cabinet sitting as the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund, etc.
Last Action: 02/13/2012 CS by Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities read 1st time -SJ 504
Effective Date: upon becoming a law

CS/SB 1174: Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State

GENERAL BILL by Reapportionment; Reapportionment
Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State; Redistricting the state?s congressional districts in accordance with the United States Decennial Census of 2010 (plan H000C9047); amending provisions relating to the inclusion of unlisted territory in contiguous districts; reenacting provisions which provide for the election of representatives to the United States House of Representatives; providing for severability; providing for applicability, etc.
Last Action: 02/10/2012 Signed by Officers and presented to Governor -SJ 508
Effective Date: upon becoming a law, except as otherwise provided

CS/SJR 1176: Joint Resolution of Apportionment
JOINT RESOLUTION by Reapportionment; Reapportionment
Joint Resolution of Apportionment; Providing for the apportionment of the House of Representatives and the Senate (plans H000H9049 and S000S9008); adopting the United States Decennial Census of 2010 for use in such apportionment; providing for the inclusion of omitted areas; providing contiguity for areas specified for inclusion in one district which are noncontiguous; specifying that the apportioned districts constitute the legislative districts of the state; providing for severability of invalid portions; providing for application beginning in 2012, etc.
Last Action: 02/10/2012 Signed by Officers and filed with Secretary of State -SJ 508
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SB 1242: Broadband Internet Service
GENERAL BILL by Hays; (CO-INTRODUCER) Lynn
Broadband Internet Service; Adding to the legislative findings that the sustainable adoption of broadband Internet service is critical to community development; designating the Department of Economic Opportunity rather than the Department of Management Services as the agency to receive and manage all federal broadband initiative funds for the state; requiring the Department of Economic Opportunity to establish a public-private partnership to work with certain private and governmental organizations to oversee broadband development; revising the oversight criteria, etc.
Senate Committee References: Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities (CU) , Commerce and Tourism (CM) , Budget Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development Appropriations (BTA) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/07/2012 Now in Budget Subcommittee on Transportation, Tourism, and Economic Development Appropriations
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

CS/SB 1272: Possession of a Firearm or Destructive Device During the Commission of an Offense
GENERAL BILL by Criminal Justice; Latvala
Possession of a Firearm or Destructive Device During the Commission of an Offense; Providing that an exception to the 10-year minimum term for persons convicted of certain offenses during which the person actually possessed a firearm or destructive device does not apply to offenders convicted for possession of a firearm by a felon who have certain prior convictions, etc.
Senate Committee References: Criminal Justice (CJ) , Budget Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice Appropriations (BJA) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/13/2012 CS by Criminal Justice read 1st time -SJ 505
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

SB 1360: Application of Foreign Law in Certain Cases
GENERAL BILL by Hays
Application of Foreign Law in Certain Cases; Clarifying that the public policies expressed in the act apply to violations of a natural person?s fundamental liberties, rights, and privileges guaranteed by the State Constitution or the United States Constitution; declaring that certain decisions rendered under such laws, codes, or systems are void; providing that the act may not be construed to require or authorize any court to adjudicate, or prohibit any religious organization from adjudicating, ecclesiastical matters in violation of specified constitutional provisions or to conflict with any federal treaty or other international agreement to which the United States is a party to a specified extent, etc.
Senate Committee References: Judiciary (JU) , Budget Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice Appropriations (BJA) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/06/2012 Now in Budget Subcommittee on Criminal and Civil Justice Appropriations
Effective Date: upon becoming a law

SB 1460: Preference in Award of State Contracts
GENERAL BILL by Simmons
Preference in Award of State Contracts; Expanding provisions that authorize an agency, county, municipality, school district, or other political subdivision of the state to provide preferential consideration to a Florida business in awarding competitively bid contracts to purchase personal property to include the purchase of construction services; providing that for specified competitive solicitations the authority to grant preference supersedes any local ordinance or regulation which grants preference to specified vendors; requiring a county, municipality, school district, or other political subdivision to make specified disclosures in competitive solicitation documents, etc.
Senate Committee References: Community Affairs (CA) , Education Pre-K ? 12 (ED) , Governmental Oversight and Accountability (GO) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 01/30/2012 Now in Education Pre-K ? 12 -SJ 300
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

SB 1462: American Founders? Month
GENERAL BILL by Diaz de la Portilla
American Founders? Month; Citing this act as the ?American Founders? Month Act?; designating the month of September as ?American Founders? Month?; requiring district school boards to celebrate the American Founders and the principles inherent in the country?s founding documents by observing American Founders? Month; specifying the focus of instruction during the month; providing that instruction may be integrated into the existing school curriculum; requiring distribution to school personnel of certain information, etc.
Senate Committee References: Education Pre-K ? 12 (ED) , Budget Subcommittee on Education Pre-K ? 12 Appropriations (BEA) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/07/2012 Now in Budget Subcommittee on Education Pre-K ? 12 Appropriations
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

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SB 1560: Ethical Requirements for Public Officers
GENERAL BILL by Thrasher; (CO-INTRODUCER) Gaetz
Ethical Requirements for Public Officers; Providing a restriction on employment with state universities or Florida College System institutions for a member of the Legislature; requiring that a member of the Legislature surrender employment with a state university or a Florida College System institution before seeking reelection; providing that a public officer holding an economic interest in a qualified blind trust does not have a conflict of interest with matters pertaining to that economic interest; requiring that the Commission on Ethics review the information contained in the public disclosure of financial interests filed by public officers, etc.
Senate Committee References: Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections (EE) , Rules (RC) , Higher Education (HE)
Last Action: 02/09/2012 On Committee agenda? Rules, 02/14/12, 11:15 am, 110 Senate Office Building
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

CS/SB 1596: Elections
GENERAL BILL by Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections; Diaz de la Portilla; (CO-INTRODUCER) Gaetz
Elections; Removing a provision prohibiting the use of the address appearing on the identification presented by an elector as a basis for confirming the elector?s legal residence; requiring that tickets and advertising for campaign fund raisers comply with the requirements for political advertisements; revising the information that is required to appear on a bank account for the deposit of funds received by a campaign treasurer for a candidate or political committee; revising the information that is required to appear on bank account checks of candidates or political committees; revising the information that is used to determine whether debit cards are considered bank checks, etc.
Senate Committee References: Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections (EE) , Rules (RC)
Last Action: 01/30/2012 Placed on Calendar, on 2nd reading -SJ 300
Effective Date: upon becoming a law

SM 1742: Federal Spending Cap
MEMORIAL by Oelrich
Federal Spending Cap; Urging Congress to cap federal spending as a percentage of gross domestic product, etc.
Senate Committee References: Governmental Oversight and Accountability (GO)
Last Action: 01/17/2012 Introduced -SJ 230

SM 1822: Sarbanes-Oxley Act
MEMORIAL by Hays
Sarbanes-Oxley Act ; Urging Congress to repeal the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, etc.
Senate Committee References: Banking and Insurance (BI)
Last Action: 02/13/2012 Placed on Special Order Calendar, 02/14/12

SB 2018: Primary Election Date
GENERAL BILL by Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections
Primary Election Date; Decreasing the period between the primary election and the general election in each year in which a general election is held, etc.
Senate Committee References: Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections (EE) , Rules (RC)
Last Action: 01/18/2012 On Committee agenda? Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections, 01/23/12, 5:00 pm, 412 Knott Building ?Temporarily Postponed
Effective Date: upon becoming a law

CS/CS/SB 2038: Privatization of Correctional Facilities
GENERAL BILL by Budget; Rules; Rules
Privatization of Correctional Facilities; Requiring that the Department of Corrections classify all inmates without regard for and without consideration of whether the inmates will be assigned to facilities operated by the Department of Corrections or by a contractor; requiring that each facility?s medical and psychological grade population percentages remain substantially unchanged from the average daily population calculated for the 2010-2011 fiscal year; requiring that the Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability conduct a review of the assignments of inmates by the Department of Corrections; prohibiting the cost of such unused, accumulated leave from being included in the costs incurred by the state for the 2010-2011 fiscal year and in the 7 percent cost savings; requiring that the Department of Corrections be solely responsible for the operation and maintenance of any correctional facility at which the death penalty is administered, etc.
Last Action: 02/13/2012 Placed on 3rd reading
Effective Date: upon becoming a law
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CS/SB 2094: Energy
GENERAL BILL by Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities; Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities
Energy; Authorizing a municipality to collect special assessments to pay the additional costs to purchase renewable energy for the municipality; adding factors for the Public Service Commission to consider in reviewing the 10-year site plans submitted to the commission by electric utilities; providing for a portion of the proceeds of the local government infrastructure surtax to be used for financial assistance to homeowners who make energy efficiency improvements or install renewable energy devices; providing a sales tax exemption for materials used in the distribution of biodiesel, ethanol, and other renewable fuels; exempting from regulation under ch. 366, F.S., the sale of electricity to the public for the purpose of electric vehicle charging stations, etc.
Senate Committee References: Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities (CU) , Agriculture (AG) , Budget (BC)
Last Action: 02/13/2012 CS/CS by Agriculture; YEAS 8 NAYS 0
Effective Date: July 1, 2012

SPB 7032: Congressional Districts of the State
PROPOSED COMMITTEE BILL by Reapportionment
Congressional Districts of the State; Redistricting the state?s congressional districts in accordance with the United States Decennial Census of 2010 (plan S000C9002); amending provisions relating to the inclusion of unlisted territory in contiguous districts; updating a reference; reenacting provisions which provide for the election of representatives to the United States House of Representatives; providing for severability; providing for applicability, etc.
Last Action: 12/06/2011 Submit as committee bill by Reapportionment (SB 1174)
Effective Date: upon becoming a law, except as otherwise provided

SPB 7034: Joint Resolution of Apportionment
PROPOSED COMMITTEE BILL by Reapportionment
Joint Resolution of Apportionment; Providing for the apportionment of the House of Representatives and the Senate (plans _______ and S000S9004); adopting the United States Decennial Census of 2010 for use in such apportionment; providing for the inclusion of omitted areas; providing contiguity for areas specified for inclusion in one district which are noncontiguous; specifying that the apportioned districts constitute the legislative districts of the state; providing for severability of invalid portions; providing for application beginning in 2012, etc.
Last Action: 12/06/2011 Submit as committee bill by Reapportionment (SB 1176)

SPB 7042: Primary Election Date
PROPOSED COMMITTEE BILL by Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections
Primary Election Date; Decreasing the period between the primary election and the general election in each year in which a general election is held, etc.
Last Action: 01/11/2012 Submit as committee bill by Rules Subcommittee on Ethics and Elections (SB 2018)
Effective Date: upon becoming a law

SPB 7172: Privatization of Correctional Facilities
PROPOSED COMMITTEE BILL by Rules
Privatization of Correctional Facilities; Requiring that the Department of Corrections privatize the management and operation of certain correctional facilities and assigned correctional units; requiring that the department determine the costs incurred for the 2010-2011 fiscal year for each correctional facility and assigned correctional unit according to a specified formula; limiting the costs to be incurred by the state in the second or subsequent contract years; repealing provisions relating to the adoption of rules by the Department of Corrections regarding contractual arrangements and standards for the operation of correctional facilities by private vendors, etc.
Last Action: 01/18/2012 Submit as committee bill by Rules (SB 2038)
Effective Date: upon becoming a law

SPB 7204: Balanced Federal Budget
PROPOSED COMMITTEE BILL by Budget
Balanced Federal Budget; Urging Congress to call a convention for the purpose of proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States to achieve and maintain a balanced federal budget, etc.
Last Action: 02/02/2012 Submit as committee bill by Budget (SCR 2100)

SPB 7206: Tax on Sales, Use, and Other Transactions
PROPOSED COMMITTEE BILL by Budget Subcommittee on Finance and Tax
Tax on Sales, Use, and Other Transactions; Revising the definition of the term ?dealer? for purposes relating to the collection of the tax on sales, use, and other transactions; revising the term ?mail order sale? to specifically include sales of tangible personal property ordered by Internet; deleting certain provisions that specify dealer activities or other circumstances that subject mail order sales to this state?s power to levy and collect the sales and use tax; providing that certain persons who make mail order sales and who have a substantial nexus with this state are subject to this state?s power to levy and collect the sales and use tax when they engage in certain enumerated activities, etc.
Last Action: 02/02/2012 Submit as committee bill by Budget Subcommittee on Finance and Tax (SB 2098)?

HOUSE

HJR 7 ? Recall of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Member of Cabinet, or Legislator
Joint Resolution by Kriseman (CO-SPONSORS) Bullard; Pafford; Randolph
Recall of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Member of Cabinet, or Legislator: Proposes creation of s. 8, Art. VI of State Constitution to provide for recall of Governor, Lt. Governor, member of Cabinet, or legislator; provides how process is initiated; establishes requisite number & distribution of signatures; provides for simultaneous election of successor to remainder of term; provides that if elected official is not recalled, then additional effort to recall elected official may not be initiated during remainder of term; provides for reimbursement of certain expenses.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: 1st Reading on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 11:59 PM

HB 9 ? Recall
General Bill by Kriseman (CO-SPONSORS) Bullard; Pafford; Randolph
Recall: Provides that Governor, Lieutenant Governor, member of Cabinet, or legislator may be recalled from office; requires that proponents of recall register as political committee; prescribes methods & timeframes for initiating & conducting recall; provides ballot language; provides that removal of Governor from office includes removal of Lieutenant Governor; authorizes adoption of rules.
Effective Date: on the effective date of House Joint Resolution 7, or a similar joint resolution having substantially the same specific intent and purpose, if that joint resolution is approved by the electors at the general election to be held in November 2012
Last Event: 1st Reading on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 11:59 PM

HJR 21 ? Term Limits
Joint Resolution by Kriseman
Term Limits: Proposes amendment of s. 15, Art. III & s. 4, Art VI & creation of provision in Art. XII of State Constitution to increase length of terms of state senators to 6 years & state representatives to 4 years & limit state senators & state representatives to 12 consecutive years in office.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: 1st Reading on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 11:59 PM

HJR 23 ? Ban of Oil Exploration, Drilling, Extraction, and Production in Territorial Seas
Joint Resolution by Kriseman (CO-SPONSORS) Bullard; Pafford; Randolph
Ban of Oil Exploration, Drilling, Extraction, and Production in Territorial Seas: Proposes amendment to s. 7, Art. II of State Constitution to prohibit exploration, drilling, extraction, & production of oil beneath Florida waters between mean high-water line & seaward limit of Florida?s boundaries; exempts transportation of oil produced outside of such waters.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: 1st Reading on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 11:59 PM

HM 57 ? Sovereignty of the State
Memorial by Caldwell (CO-SPONSORS) Ahern; Albritton; Brandes; Gaetz; Perry
Sovereignty of the State: Urges Congress to discontinue its practice of imposing federal mandates & legislation upon states which exceed scope of its constitutionally delegated powers under Tenth Amendment to U.S. Constitution & to repeal all existing compulsory federal legislation that directs states to comply or requires states to pass specific legislation in order not to lose federal funding.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: 1st Reading on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 11:59 PM

HJR 345 ? Revising Age Limits for Judges and Justices
Joint Resolution by Nehr
Revising Age Limits for Judges and Justices: Proposes amendment to s. 8, Art V of State Constitution to increase age after which justice or judge may no longer serve in judicial office; provides certain exceptions.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: 1st Reading on Tuesday, January 10, 2012 11:59 PM

HM 499 ? Federal Balanced Budget Amendment
Memorial by Ingram (CO-SPONSORS) Brandes; Burgin; Caldwell; Gaetz; Julien; Mayfield; Metz; Patronis; Perry; Porter; Smith; Weinstein; Williams, T.
Federal Balanced Budget Amendment: Urges Congress to propose to states amendment to U.S. Constitution that requires annual federal balanced budget.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Wednesday, January 11, 2012 12:12 AM
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CS/HB 631 ? Terms of Courts
General Bill by Weinstein
Terms of Courts: Repeals provisions relating to regular terms of Supreme Court & circuit courts; repeals provisions relating to requiring judge to attend first day of each term of circuit court; repeals provisions relating to requirement for judge to state reason for nonattendance, penalty for nonattendance of judge, adjournment of circuit court upon nonattendance of judge, calling all cases on docket at end of each term, regular terms of district courts of appeal, special terms of district courts of appeal, requirement that criminal trials be heard in term of court prior to civil cases, & requirement that persons in custody be arraigned & tried in term of court unless good cause is shown; conforms provisions; allows Supreme Court to set terms of court for Supreme Court, district courts of appeal, & circuit courts; provides that appellate courts may withdraw mandate within 120 days after its issuance.
Effective Date: January 1, 2013
Last Event: Bill added to Special Order Calendar (2/15/2012) on Monday, February 13, 2012 6:25 PM
Main Amendment Filing Deadline: Tuesday, February 14, 2012 2:00 PM
Adhering Amendment Filing Deadline: Tuesday, February 14, 2012 5:00 PM

HM 685 ? Cut to Federal Corporate Tax Rate
Memorial by Burgin
Cut to Federal Corporate Tax Rate: Urges Congress to cut federal corporate tax rate.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Withdrawn prior to introduction on Thursday, November 17, 2011 2:11 PM

HB 689 ? American Founders? Month
General Bill by Bileca (CO-SPONSORS) Ahern; Artiles; Baxley; Bembry; Costello; Fresen; Gaetz; Julien; Nehr; Porter; Ray; Rooney; Stargel; Steinberg
American Founders? Month: Designates month of September as ?American Founders? Month?; authorizes Governor to annually issue proclamation designating month & urging participation; requires district school boards to celebrate American Founders & principles inherent in country?s founding documents by observing American Founders? Month; specifies focus of instruction & authorizes integration into existing school curriculum; requires distribution to school personnel, at beginning of school year, of information relating to patriotic programs.
Effective Date: July 1, 2012
Last Event: Added to PreK-12 Appropriations Subcommittee agenda on Friday, February 10, 2012 4:06 PM

CS/HB 695 ? Development of Oil and Gas Resources
General Bill by Ford (CO-SPONSORS) Smith
Development of Oil and Gas Resources: Authorizes land management agencies to enter into public-private partnership with business entity to develop oil & gas resources on onshore state lands under specified conditions; provides that financial, technical, & operational risk for exploration, development, & production of gas & oil resources is responsibility of private entity; provides for proposals & contracts; requires certain approval of contracts.
Effective Date: upon becoming a law
Last Event: Added to Appropriations Committee agenda on Monday, February 13, 2012 4:20 PM

HM 717 ? Federal Corporate Tax Rate
Memorial by Burgin (CO-SPONSORS) Costello; Davis; Horner; Mayfield; Metz; Nu?ez; Patronis; Perry; Pilon; Plakon; Smith; Young
Federal Corporate Tax Rate: Urges Congress to cut federal corporate tax rate.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in State Affairs Committee on Wednesday, January 11, 2012 1:41 PM

CS/HJR 785 ? Term Limits/County Commissioners
Joint Resolution by Wood (CO-SPONSORS) Brandes; Caldwell; Pilon
Term Limits/County Commissioners: Proposes amendment to s. 1, Art. VIII of State Constitution to authorize imposition of term limits on county commissioners when provided by county charter.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Monday, February 13, 2012 2:05 PM
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HB 1209 ? Application of Foreign Law in Certain Cases
General Bill by Metz (CO-SPONSORS) Adkins; Ahern; Baxley; Boyd; Caldwell; Campbell; Corcoran; Costello; Ford; Gaetz; Grant; Hager; McBurney; Pilon; Sands; Stargel; Steube; Van Zant; Weinstein
Application of Foreign Law in Certain Cases: Clarifies that public policies expressed in act apply to violations of natural person?s fundamental liberties, rights, & privileges guaranteed by State Constitution or U.S. Constitution; provides that act does not apply to corporation, partnership, or other form of business association, except when necessary to provide effective relief in proceedings under or relating to chs. 61 & 88, F.S.; specifies public policy of this state in applying choice of foreign law, legal code, or system in proceedings brought under or relating to chs. 61 & 88, F.S., which relate to dissolution of marriage, support, time-sharing, Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction & Enforcement Act, & Uniform Interstate Family Support Act; declares that certain decisions under such laws, codes, or systems & certain choice of venue or forum provisions in contract are void; provides for construction of waiver by natural person of person?s fundamental liberties, rights, & privileges guaranteed by State Constitution or U.S. Constitution; declares that claims of forum non conveniens or related claims must be denied; limits construction of provisions in certain circumstances.
Effective Date: upon becoming a law
Last Event: Now in Judiciary Committee on Tuesday, January 31, 2012 1:58 PM

HM 1219 ? District of Columbia
Memorial by Williams, A.
District of Columbia: Urges Congress to admit District of Columbia as 51st state of USA.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in Federal Affairs Subcommittee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:18 AM

HJR 1231 ? Citizens? Veto Referendum
Joint Resolution by Steinberg
Citizens? Veto Referendum: Proposes creation of s. 28, Art. I & amendment of s. 9, Art. III of State Constitution to authorize & establish requirements for citizens? veto referendum & revise effective dates of laws to conform to citizens? veto referendum. Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in Government Operations Subcommittee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:18 AM

CS/HM 1249 ? Federal Spending Cap
Memorial by Oliva
Federal Spending Cap: Urges Congress to propose amendment to U.S. Constitution to require cap on federal spending as percentage of GDP.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in State Affairs Committee on Thursday, January 26, 2012 2:07 PM

HM 1293 ? Taiwan Policy Act of 2011
Memorial by Bernard
Taiwan Policy Act of 2011: Urges Congress to pass H.R. 2918, Taiwan Policy Act of 2011.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Wednesday, February 01, 2012 11:53 AM

HM 1307 ? Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Memorial by Brandes
Sarbanes-Oxley Act: Urges Congress to repeal Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in State Affairs Committee on Monday, January 30, 2012 5:58 PM

HB 1315 ? Verification of Employment Eligibility
General Bill by Harrell (CO-SPONSORS) Ahern; Gaetz; Metz; Pilon
Verification of Employment Eligibility: Requires every employer to use Employment Authorization Program to verify employment eligibility of each employee on or after specified date; provides that business that does not use federal E-Verify system to verify employment eligibility of new employee shall lose its license to do business in state until business has registered with E-Verify system; prohibits employer from employing unauthorized alien; requires every public employer to register with & participate in E-Verify system for specified purposes; prohibits public employer, contractor, or subcontractor from entering into contract for physical performance of services in this state unless contractor or subcontractor registers & participates in system.
Effective Date: July 1, 2012
Last Event: Now in Government Operations Subcommittee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:18 AM

HM 1321 ? Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
Memorial by Ahern
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010: Urges Congress to repeal Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform & Consumer Protection Act of 2010.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in State Affairs Committee on Monday, January 30, 2012 5:59 PM

HJR 1337 ? Authority of Governor to Fill Vacancies in County Office
Joint Resolution by Soto (CO-SPONSORS) Randolph
Authority of Governor to Fill Vacancies in County Office: Proposes amendment to s. 1, Art. IV of State Constitution to remove Governor?s constitutional authority to fill vacancies in appointed or elected county office.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in Government Operations Subcommittee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:18 AM

HJR 1377 ? Religious Freedom
Joint Resolution by Plakon
Religious Freedom: Amends s. 3, Art. I of State Constitution to conform to religious freedom provision of First Amendment in U.S. Constitution.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in Civil Justice Subcommittee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:18 AM

HB 1411 ? Primary Elections
General Bill by Weinstein
Primary Elections: Revises date for primary election from 12 to 11 weeks before general election.
Effective Date: upon becoming a law
Last Event: Now in Government Operations Subcommittee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:19 AM

HJR 1421 ? Constitution Revision Commission and Taxation and Budget Reform Commission
Joint Resolution by Patronis
Constitution Revision Commission and Taxation and Budget Reform Commission: Proposes amendment to s. 5, Art. II & ss. 2, 5, & 6, Art XI of State Constitution, to abolish Constitution Revision Commission & Taxation & Budget Reform Commission, which are authorized to propose amendments to State Constitution.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in Finance & Tax Committee on Thursday, January 12, 2012 11:19 AM

HB 4001 ? Florida Climate Protection Act
General Bill by Plakon (CO-SPONSORS) Weinstein
Florida Climate Protection Act: Repeals provisions for cap & trade regulatory program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from electric utilities.
Effective Date: July 1, 2012
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Wednesday, January 11, 2012 12:13 AM

CS/HJR 6001 ? Joint Resolution of Apportionment
Joint Resolution by Nehr
Joint Resolution of Apportionment: Provides for apportionment of House of Representatives & Senate (plans _______ and S000S9008); adopts U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 for use in such apportionment; provides for inclusion of omitted areas; provides contiguity for areas specified for inclusion in one district which are noncontiguous; specifies that apportioned districts constitute legislative districts of state; provides for severability of invalid portions; provides for application beginning in 2012.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Monday, January 30, 2012 1:09 PM
Main Amendment Filing Deadline: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 12:00 PM
Adhering Amendment Filing Deadline: Wednesday, February 01, 2012 12:00 PM

HB 6003 ? Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State
General Bill by Legg
Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State: Redistricts state?s congressional districts in accordance with U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 (plan H000C9041); amends provisions relating to inclusion of unlisted territory in contiguous districts; reenacts provisions which provide for election of representatives to U.S. House of Representatives; provides for severability; provides for applicability.
Effective Date: upon the expiration of the terms of the representatives to the United States House of Representatives serving on the date that this act becomes a law
Last Event: Added to Redistricting Committee agenda on Tuesday, January 24, 2012 2:27 PM
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CS/HB 6005 ? Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State
General Bill by Legg
Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State: Redistricts state?s congressional districts in accordance with U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 (plan H000C9047); amends provisions relating to inclusion of unlisted territory in contiguous districts; reenacts provisions which provide for election of representatives to U.S. House of Representatives; provides for severability; provides for applicability.
Effective Date: upon the expiration of the terms of the representatives to the United States House of Representatives serving on the date that this act becomes a law
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Monday, January 30, 2012 1:09 PM
Main Amendment Filing Deadline: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 12:00 PM
Adhering Amendment Filing Deadline: Wednesday, February 01, 2012 12:00 PM

HB 6007 ? Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State
General Bill by Legg
Establishing the Congressional Districts of the State: Redistricts state?s congressional districts in accordance with U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 (plan H000C9045); amends provisions relating to inclusion of unlisted territory in contiguous districts; reenacts provisions which provide for election of representatives to U.S. House of Representatives; provides for severability; provides for applicability.
Effective Date: upon the expiration of the terms of the representatives to the United States House of Representatives serving on the date that this act becomes a law
Last Event: Added to Redistricting Committee agenda on Tuesday, January 24, 2012 2:27 PM

HJR 6009 ? Joint Resolution of Apportionment
Joint Resolution by Schenck
Joint Resolution of Apportionment: Provides for apportionment of House of Representatives & Senate (plans H000H9025 and ________); adopts U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 for use in such apportionment; provides for inclusion of omitted areas; provides contiguity for areas specified for inclusion in one district which are noncontiguous; specifies that apportioned districts constitute legislative districts of state; provides for severability of invalid portions; provides for application beginning in 2012.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Redistricting Committee agenda on Tuesday, January 24, 2012 2:27 PM

CS/HJR 6011 ? Joint Resolution of Apportionment
Joint Resolution by Schenck
Joint Resolution of Apportionment: Provides for apportionment of House of Representatives & Senate (plans H000H9049 and ________); adopts U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 for use in such apportionment; provides for inclusion of omitted areas; provides contiguity for areas specified for inclusion in one district which are noncontiguous; specifies that apportioned districts constitute legislative districts of state; provides for severability of invalid portions; provides for application beginning in 2012.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Second Reading Calendar on Monday, January 30, 2012 1:10 PM
Main Amendment Filing Deadline: Tuesday, January 31, 2012 12:00 PM
Adhering Amendment Filing Deadline: Wednesday, February 01, 2012 12:00 PM

HJR 6013 ? Joint Resolution of Apportionment
Joint Resolution by Schenck
Joint Resolution of Apportionment: Provides for apportionment of House of Representatives & Senate (plans H000H9031 and _________); adopts U.S. Decennial Census of 2010 for use in such apportionment; provides for inclusion of omitted areas; provides contiguity for areas specified for inclusion in one district which are noncontiguous; specifies that apportioned districts constitute legislative districts of state; provides for severability of invalid portions; provides for application beginning in 2012.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Added to Redistricting Committee agenda on Tuesday, January 24, 2012 2:27 PM

HB 7083 ? Correctional Privatization
Appear at Meeting
General Bill by McBurney
Correctional Privatization: Requires Department of Management Services, in consultation with DOC, to competitively procure management & operation of correctional facilities & assigned correctional units for certain counties; provides exceptions; specifies time periods; requires responsive proposals to include specified cost savings; requires adherence to specified laws; provides for operational capacities; specifies disposition of certain funds; provides for inmate classification; provides requirements for certain population figures; provides for specific performance measures & levels of expected performance for contractor; requires reports by DOC; requires development & submission of transition plan & recommended operating budget revisions & cost-benefit analysis to LBC by specified date; provides requirements for such submissions; provides employment preference for current employees of affected facilities; requires DOC to make reasonable efforts to find suitable job placements for certain of those employees.
Effective Date: July 1, 2012
Last Event: Added to Appropriations Committee agenda on Monday, February 13, 2012 4:20 PM

HCR 8005 ? Balanced Federal Budget Amendment
Concurrent Resolution by Ahern
Balanced Federal Budget Amendment: Urges Congress to call convention for purpose of proposing amendment to U.S. Constitution to achieve & maintain balanced federal budget.
Effective Date: Not Specified
Last Event: Now in State Affairs Committee on Monday, January 30, 2012 12:05 PM

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Source: http://palmbeachcountyteaparty.org/2012/02/pending-florida-legislation-2/

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Crowdsourced Wi-Fi Network Fon Passes 5 Million Hotspots Worldwide

fon-logoWhen serial entrepreneur Martin Varsavky launched Fon in late 2005, his goal was to blanket the world with easily-accessible, crowdsourced Wi-Fi. While the service hasn?t quite made it everywhere yet, Fon has just announced that they now have over 5 million hotspots in operation across the globe.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/OHm6FiuG9_s/

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Wednesday, February 22, 2012

Menopause, Stress Relief and Pneumonia

How we fight against it and how we dread tit. Or mothers spoke of the change of life in hushed whispers as though it were the plague itself come to visit us. Yet why should we dread it? The physical problems associated with the menopause are usually no more or less than those endured during our normal periods though more erratic. The physical changes can be counteracted by more advanced thinking on diet, cosmetics and lifestyle. Think how much happier you will be when you no longer have the curse or the fear of unwanted pregnancy and, unless you have a beady eye out for a toy boy, your husbands are ageing long with you. If you already have their love and respect you are not going to lose it overnight because you have one or two more wrinkles or the odd grey hair, and if bits do look in danger of dropping off or sagging beyond redemption that is probably your own fault for not having taken care in the past so you will have to work harder now.

What is unfair I that our own self inflicted punishment and neurosis at this time can turn our loving families away from us because they just do not understand why a good and happy mother and partner has so suddenly changed.

This can cause far greater unhappiness to everyone than is necessary. In this modern age women in their middle years are holding down high powered jobs, carving new careers for themselves, finding creative hobbies and traveling extensively because all these options are pen to them and they do not have to think about putting their families first. It is the time of their life. To many women, no matter how much they miss the mixed blessings of motherhood, this is a new-found and welcome freedom.

Nowadays our diets can be boosted with mineral and vitamin supplements to ensure that our faculties are kept intact and our bones strong. Looking and feeling good is not vanity: it is our right. Whilst we all have to work hard at it ourselves it is also worth examining hormone replacement therapy as an optional extra to boost good health and natural vitality once we have passed the so ? called hurdle of the menopause.

Home Remedies for Menopause
Sage tonic The desire of sage is to render man immortal. Now whilst I cannot exactly guarantee the truth of this I an suggest that sage tea and the following tonic will make you feel much more chirpy. Take 100g (4 oz) of fresh sage leaves and leave them to stand in a bottle of good white wine made by natural, pot chemical, processes, for two weeks. Sweeten to taste with honey and leave for a further day. Press and strain through a cloth. Bottle and take 1 sherry glass before lunch and dinner.
Lemon balm Melissa or lemon balm is reputed to ease the pains of the menopause, physically and mentally as well as increase fertility. The tea will soothe and the leaves under the pillow will bring trnquillity. A few drops of essential oil in the bath would not come amiss either.
Oil of cypress Barberry and cypress tea is an old-fashioned remedy from France. The essential oil however, dropped into a warm bath or on to a hot compress to be held on the tom, is very soothing, and you might also like to add it to sunflower oil and massage with it. It will also reduce excess perspiration and foot odor.
Meadowsweet tea or hop tea Both are soothing and reduce tension.
Mugwort tea Mugwort is the plant of the moon and of Artemisia, the patron saint of women. The tea drunk only in moderation will help you feel less hurt and weary. Carry a spray of the herb with you always to the same end.
Tansy tea or pennyroyal tea These will stop the flushes.
Marigold tea drink the tea regularly to ease menopausal disordes. Infuse 75g (3oz) of the flower heads in 1 litre (1.75 pints) of the flower heads in 1 litre (1.75 pints) of boiling water for 10 minutes. Drink 3 to 4 cups daily. Calendula tincture may also prove helpful. One of the good home remedies for menopause.

The global economy has grown up since last couple of decades and now we find lots of businesses running with all the success worldwide. The businesses those were quite unimaginable few years back have breakthrough the market and are doing all well. Simply put, the man has become so busy in order to run business, to manage the daily routine/tasks and lots of other issues that he meets on day-to-day basis.

The income per capita has increased but unfortunately, with every income, there is a stress. No human in this world is stress-free! Either you would have your personal stress or stress related to your profession! Work, tasks, sales? pressure, managing your staff and clients etc have totally messed up the brain and the brain has lost its chemistry. No matter whether you are a kid, teenage, adult or an elderly person; stress takes its own toll and you are not an exception.

Let us learn some natural stress relief techniques that are very helpful in controlling the aggressive moods and also to calm down the brain in tensed situation. Natural stress relief is a preferred way to soothe the brain so that it functions properly, especially in tensed and challenging situations. Natural stress relief is possible achieving through internal and external therapies.

The warnings that accompany old fashioned treatments for pneumonia or ?congestion of the lungs? were so dire that even as late as the 1930s almost no hope was given out for the patient?s recovery and I can find no remedy which was put forward in the genuine belief that it would succeed. Although matters are vastly improved today there is no doubt that if you or a member of your family suffers from a bad cough, pains in the chest and a high temperature, particularly when influenza is rife, you should immediately seek professional advice.

This is especially relevant if the victim is very young or elderly is not of a normally healthy constitution or is just recovering from a previous illness. If the infection is not of the most serious kind any of the remedies given in this section will be useful. Patients convalescing from a more serious illness will also gain relief and strength from these recipes. People who are very ill rarely want to eat but it is important that they drink plenty. Keep the room well aired and keep a small bowl of eucalyptus or lavender simmering in order to promote a pleasant atmosphere. An old-fashioned idea for keeping the patient comfortable is to bathe the face with warm water into which 1 tablespoon of cider or lavender vinegar has been stirred then wipe dry with paper tissues which should afterwards be burned.

Honey and lemon One dessertspoon of honey to the juice of ? lemon to be taken every half hour.
Slippery elm Mix 3 dessertspoons of the powdered bark to a drinkable consistency with water, add honey to sweeten and take twice daily at six hourly intervals. One of the good home remedies for pneumonia.
Cinnamon and lemon juice Add the juice of ? a lemon and ? teaspoon of cinnamon to a coffee cup of boiling water. Allow to cool. Gargle with the mixture to relieve a sore throat and then swallow. Avoid this remedy, however, if you suffer from heartburn.
A healing tea Take 25g (1oz) of each of the following herbs: agrimonies, salad burnet, meadowsweet, wood betony, raspberry leaves (best avoided if you are pregnant). Mix the herbs and add them to 1 litre (1.75 pints) of boiling water. Simmer for 20 minutes and when cool season with cinnamon and a few drops of lemon juice. Administer 1 wineglass every hour. One of the best home remedies for pneumonia.

How we fight against it and how we dread tit. Or mothers spoke of the change of life in hushed whispers as though it were the plague itself come to visit us. Yet why should we dread it?

Source: http://www.1directory.net/womens-interests/menopause-stress-relief-and-pneumonia-6672.html

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North Korea calls Seoul nuclear summit a "childish farce" (Reuters)

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North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un (L) looks at food at a kitchen of a mess hall as he visits the Korean People's Army Unit 842 in an undisclosed location, in this undated picture released by the North's KCNA news agency in Pyongyang February 22, 2012. KCNA did not state precisely when the picture was taken. REUTERS/KCNA (NORTH KOREA) THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. NOT FOR USE BY REUTERS THIRD PARTY DISTRIBUTORSReuters - Isolationist North Korea lashed out at its neighbor on Wednesday for hosting an international nuclear security summit in Seoul next month, calling it a "childish farce" and an "intolerable grave provocation."


Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/nkorea/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20120222/wl_nm/us_korea_north

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Hubble reveals a new class of extrasolar planet

Hubble reveals a new class of extrasolar planet [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 21-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Oli Usher
ousher@eso.org
49-893-200-6855
ESA/Hubble Information Centre

An international team of astronomers led by Zachory Berta of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) made the observations of the planet GJ 1214b.

"GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of," Berta said. "A huge fraction of its mass is made up of water."

The ground-based MEarth Project, led by CfA's David Charbonneau, discovered GJ 1214b in 2009. This super-Earth is about 2.7 times Earth's diameter and weighs almost seven times as much. It orbits a red-dwarf star every 38 hours at a distance of 2 million kilometres, giving it an estimated temperature of 230 degrees Celsius.

In 2010, CfA scientist Jacob Bean and colleagues reported that they had measured the atmosphere of GJ 1214b, finding it likely that it was composed mainly of water. However, their observations could also be explained by the presence of a planet-enshrouding haze in GJ 1214b's atmosphere.

Berta and his co-authors, who include Derek Homeier of ENS Lyon, France, used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to study GJ 1214b when it crossed in front of its host star. During such a transit, the star's light is filtered through the planet's atmosphere, giving clues to the mix of gases.

"We're using Hubble to measure the infrared colour of sunset on this world," Berta explained.

Hazes are more transparent to infrared light than to visible light, so the Hubble observations help to tell the difference between a steamy and a hazy atmosphere.

They found the spectrum of GJ 1214b to be featureless over a wide range of wavelengths, or colours. The atmospheric model most consistent with the Hubble data is a dense atmosphere of water vapour.

"The Hubble measurements really tip the balance in favour of a steamy atmosphere," Berta said.

Since the planet's mass and size are known, astronomers can calculate the density, of only about 2 grams per cubic centimetre. Water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimetre, while Earth's average density is 5.5 grams per cubic centimetre. This suggests that GJ 1214b has much more water than Earth does, and much less rock.

As a result, the internal structure of GJ 1214b would be extraordinarily different from that of our world.

"The high temperatures and high pressures would form exotic materials like 'hot ice' or 'superfluid water', substances that are completely alien to our everyday experience," Berta said.

Theorists expect that GJ 1214b formed further out from its star, where water ice was plentiful, and migrated inward early in the system's history. In the process, it would have passed through the star's habitable zone, where surface temperatures would be similar to Earth's. How long it lingered there is unknown.

GJ 1214b is located in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer), and just 40 light-years from Earth. Therefore, it's a prime candidate for study by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, planned for launch later this decade.

A paper reporting these results has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal and is available online.

###

Notes

The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.

The international team of astronomers in this study consists of Z. K. Berta (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), D. Charbonneau (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), J.-M. Desert (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), E. M.-R. Kempton (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), P. R. McCullough (Space Telescope Science Institute, USA and Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory, USA), C. J. Burke (SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center), J. J. Fortney (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), J. Irwin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), P. Nutzman (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), D. Homeier (CRAL Lyon/ENS Lyon, France and Georg-August University of Gottingen, Germany)

The calibration of the WFC3 slitless spectroscopy modes was undertaken by the Space Telescope European Co-ordinating Facility as part of ESA's contribution to the Hubble Space Telescope project.

Image credit: NASA, ESA, and D. Aguilar (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

Links

- Research paper: http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/releases/science_papers/heic1204.pdf

- NASA release: http://hubblesite.org/news/2012/13

- Images of Hubble: http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/archive/category/spacecraft/

Contacts

Zachory Berta
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1-617-495-4484
Email: zberta@cfa.harvard.edu

Derek Homeier
Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon and Georg-August University of GttingenFrance and Germany
Tel: +49-176-4859 4910
Email: dhomeie@gwdg.de

Oli Usher
Hubble/ESA
Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-89-3200-6855
Email: ousher@eso.org

David Aguilar
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1-617-495-7462
Email: daguilar@cfa.harvard.edu

Christine Pulliam
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1-617-495-7463
Email: cpulliam@cfa.harvard.edu


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Hubble reveals a new class of extrasolar planet [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 21-Feb-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Oli Usher
ousher@eso.org
49-893-200-6855
ESA/Hubble Information Centre

An international team of astronomers led by Zachory Berta of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) made the observations of the planet GJ 1214b.

"GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of," Berta said. "A huge fraction of its mass is made up of water."

The ground-based MEarth Project, led by CfA's David Charbonneau, discovered GJ 1214b in 2009. This super-Earth is about 2.7 times Earth's diameter and weighs almost seven times as much. It orbits a red-dwarf star every 38 hours at a distance of 2 million kilometres, giving it an estimated temperature of 230 degrees Celsius.

In 2010, CfA scientist Jacob Bean and colleagues reported that they had measured the atmosphere of GJ 1214b, finding it likely that it was composed mainly of water. However, their observations could also be explained by the presence of a planet-enshrouding haze in GJ 1214b's atmosphere.

Berta and his co-authors, who include Derek Homeier of ENS Lyon, France, used Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) to study GJ 1214b when it crossed in front of its host star. During such a transit, the star's light is filtered through the planet's atmosphere, giving clues to the mix of gases.

"We're using Hubble to measure the infrared colour of sunset on this world," Berta explained.

Hazes are more transparent to infrared light than to visible light, so the Hubble observations help to tell the difference between a steamy and a hazy atmosphere.

They found the spectrum of GJ 1214b to be featureless over a wide range of wavelengths, or colours. The atmospheric model most consistent with the Hubble data is a dense atmosphere of water vapour.

"The Hubble measurements really tip the balance in favour of a steamy atmosphere," Berta said.

Since the planet's mass and size are known, astronomers can calculate the density, of only about 2 grams per cubic centimetre. Water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimetre, while Earth's average density is 5.5 grams per cubic centimetre. This suggests that GJ 1214b has much more water than Earth does, and much less rock.

As a result, the internal structure of GJ 1214b would be extraordinarily different from that of our world.

"The high temperatures and high pressures would form exotic materials like 'hot ice' or 'superfluid water', substances that are completely alien to our everyday experience," Berta said.

Theorists expect that GJ 1214b formed further out from its star, where water ice was plentiful, and migrated inward early in the system's history. In the process, it would have passed through the star's habitable zone, where surface temperatures would be similar to Earth's. How long it lingered there is unknown.

GJ 1214b is located in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer), and just 40 light-years from Earth. Therefore, it's a prime candidate for study by the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope, planned for launch later this decade.

A paper reporting these results has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal and is available online.

###

Notes

The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA.

The international team of astronomers in this study consists of Z. K. Berta (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), D. Charbonneau (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), J.-M. Desert (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), E. M.-R. Kempton (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), P. R. McCullough (Space Telescope Science Institute, USA and Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory, USA), C. J. Burke (SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center), J. J. Fortney (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), J. Irwin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astronomy, USA), P. Nutzman (University of California, Santa Cruz, USA), D. Homeier (CRAL Lyon/ENS Lyon, France and Georg-August University of Gottingen, Germany)

The calibration of the WFC3 slitless spectroscopy modes was undertaken by the Space Telescope European Co-ordinating Facility as part of ESA's contribution to the Hubble Space Telescope project.

Image credit: NASA, ESA, and D. Aguilar (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

Links

- Research paper: http://www.spacetelescope.org/static/archives/releases/science_papers/heic1204.pdf

- NASA release: http://hubblesite.org/news/2012/13

- Images of Hubble: http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/archive/category/spacecraft/

Contacts

Zachory Berta
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1-617-495-4484
Email: zberta@cfa.harvard.edu

Derek Homeier
Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon and Georg-August University of GttingenFrance and Germany
Tel: +49-176-4859 4910
Email: dhomeie@gwdg.de

Oli Usher
Hubble/ESA
Garching, Germany
Tel: +49-89-3200-6855
Email: ousher@eso.org

David Aguilar
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1-617-495-7462
Email: daguilar@cfa.harvard.edu

Christine Pulliam
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Cambridge, USA
Tel: +1-617-495-7463
Email: cpulliam@cfa.harvard.edu


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/eic-hra022112.php

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